Steam turbine



Feb. 22, 1927. F. LSEL STEAM TURBINE l Filed' July 1v. 1924 2 sheets-sheet 2 lig E i O 9 k n a d a A INVENTOR Patented Feb. 22, 1927i. y

earner rr-ics,

FRANZ LSEL, OF BRUNE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

STEAIVI TURBNE.

Application filed July 17, 1924, Serial No. 726,459, and in Austria July 31, 19231.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turbines, and particularly such as steam and gas turbines for propelling motor driven vehicles, locomotives, ships and otliei moving craft.

An object of the invention is to provide an. improved turbine of' this type which is capable4 of a more ready and efficient control than prior turbines, and especially a turbine possessing novel features of construction and operation by which its rotation and operation may be quickly retarded y and arrested with facility, and if desired itsoperationreversed. To this end have devised a turbine, having certain of its ro- "tating wheels and stationary diaphragme and guide nozzles .therein provided with blades for both forward and backward rotation, with a separate admission of elastic fluid for the reversing canals, whereby after the power is shut off from the forward driving canals, thel machine may be eifectively brakedl and quickly brought to rest by admitting steam to the same stages or a part of the same; stages, but only to the re-V versed. blades., llt/ly invention further contemplates certain particular and correlated relative,.arrangements of both forward and backward guide, nozzles and buckets, in the sameturbine stage or stages with special ad'--` mission. and exhaust connections, adapted for different exhaust or discharge conditions and being provided for such purposes with separate andindependent discharge or exhaust outlets for forward, and backward turbine iiuid flow, as will hereinafter ap pear. Other objects and advantages will' hereinafter appear.

For a better .understanding of my invention, reference may be had to the. Vaccompanying drawings forming a part offthis application, wherein:

Fig. l is a longitudinalY sectional view of a turbine embodying one form of my invention, and I v Figs. 2-5 inclusive are similar views of turbines embodying modifications of the in-` vention. A

Referring to Fig. lv of the drawings, l have indicated my invention as embodied in aA turbine consisting of a rotor a Ycarrying the rotating discs c and enclosed by thecasmission for the elastic liuid is indicated' atc from whence the steam flows through the rotating canals or cells e carriedl by 'the r0- tat-ingv discs c and the stationary guide nozzles it carried by the diaphragms d. The' exhaust chamber or low pressure end'of the turbine is designated by the letter m. in certain of the diaphragms l and the ro'- t'ating discs c there are kprovided auxiliary guide nozzles g and rotating canals ff In* Fig. l there is indicated a rotating canal f on the firstor high pressure disc c rwhich is conveniently situated just above the rotating canal e and in the next succeeding diaphragm E there is a corresponding stationary auxiliary guide nozzle g for guiding' driving fluid into the canal f. An entrance or admission Z is provided for the drivingv` rection of rotation when the steam passes through the corresponding guide nozzles and rotating canals 7L and e'. For normal working, as for example full forward driv; ing of the vehicle or craftl that is beingpro'- pelled by the turbine, the driving fluid passes through the admission 7c and from thence Vsuccessively through the rotating canals e and guide nozzles 7L as inV ordinary turbine practice, and causes a transformation of the elastic fluid energy intomechanical energy by rotation ofthe rotora in one direction. if it is desired to exert a retarding or braking of the rotor a, steam is then admitted throughy the admission Z and' passed through the stationary guide nozzles g of the irst diaphragm d and fromL thence through the rotating canals f; steam thus admitted and ypassing through the turbine in this manner tending tofoppose the rotation of'the rotor. If' the driving steam is at the same time entirely shut olf on the admission 7c the admission of working steam to the nozzles g and canals f will result inv the very quick and rapid slowing up or stopping of the rotor a and of course if such steam. flow is continued after a c-omplete standstill is reached, a backward rotation of thefturbine may be effected. It ing Z) withjthe diaphragm rand guide nozzle'YV members l carriedk by the casing b and sitel uated. betweenl the rotor discs c. The ad-v may be desirable in certain cases to only partially shut olf steam supply to admis-f The braking ell'ect and the driving torce in the opposite direction are dependent, of course, upon the number and dimensions of thereversed guide nozzles g and the rotat4 ing canals f. In Fig. Al I have shown these auxiliary reversed guide nozzles and rotating canals as disposed respectively on. the `lirst rotating disc and the nent succeeding diaphragm for one stage ot the turbine.

lhese backward rotation or brake guide nozzles and rotating cells may be provided in as inany stages as are desired in practice, and in Fig. 2 l have shown these auxiliary guide :nozzles and rotating canals as provided in the lirst tufo dise Wheels and the two corresponda diaphragme. Ordinarily the steain ior cruising a bralting or back Ward rotation et the turbine niay conveniently be talrcn :troni the main steam supply leading to the admission fle and brought in through the adniis. on il, but it desired a fluid ol" dillerent pressure than that admitted to admission or an entirely dillerent character oit elastic llnid may he employed, it desired.

In Figs. l and the Working' `fluid for the reversed guide noyniles and rotatingl canals exhausts into the chamber leading directly to the normal nothing canals e. "I have indicated in lilig. i a ,sepa 'atc exhaust chainber n leading to exluiust or bleeder pipes o for exluiusting the whole or a portion ol the braking or baclmvard rotation steam comingthrough' the last rotating canal y. This arrangement would he particularly preferable :For backward rotation or operation oit the turbine. a

Instead et devising` a multistage turbine with the reversed guide nozzles and rotating cells at the high pressure end oi the tur-` bine casing, these may be provided at any other points ol `the turbine, as i'or example at the loiv pressure end indicated in Fig.

According to this eiulunlinicnt oit the inveni tion the turbine casing isprovided with an int/alie Z leading to the stationairY guide nozzles g and the rotating canals y and trom thence to the exhaust chamber n out through the exhaust pipe o.

In Figs. l to Al :inclusive the steam :tor causing the braking or backward rotation of the turbine rotor is indicated as llowing oppositely to the directionot the steam passing through the turbine tor torward opera tion thereoi, the guide nomles n' and L and the rotatingI canals c and j" being arranged to necessitate `such opiliositc ilow of steani, but in il I have illustrated a different relatire arrangement ol guide nozzles and rotatingeanais which permits the llow of' steam in the saine direction through the turbine both iler normal or forward operation and tor the retardation or lnaliing operation. then this arrangement is in the last stages, the exhaust m may be used incertain cases l'or the steam oi the backward turbire, too.

liy means ol my invention illustrated in the various ligures, as above defined, it is clear that I have devised an ei'i'ective and a quick braking or retardation ar 'angenicnt :lor turbines Awith novel features. Such braking or retardation being etlected easil f and with the greatest iacility Without injury to the turbine parts and Without the iiiecessity for other expensive and inetlicient braking devices. Moreover', the necessity for separate backward turbines with special separated 'wheels and casings is avoided, the various functions ot retarding, braking and lnieln'ard rotation being elieeted by the singlo turbine rotor and diaphragme with the reversed guide nozzles and canals disposed in the rotating Wheels and stationary guide means. I have thus devised a single readily brakable reversible steam turbine having separate 4forward and backward guide noz-` :des and canals which are incorporated into the saine rotor and guide elements and With in the saine casing. illy invention is applieable to different types ol turbines.

l-laving thus described my invention, the following is claimed:

l. In an elastic fluid multi-stage turbine,

the combination olI rotating disecarrying rotating canale and stationary diaphragme having guide nozzles lor the reception ot' the elastic fluid for one direction otI rotation, one ol said disc wheels having auxiliary rotating canals radially outwardly disposed with reference to the main set oit canals tor etl'ecting oppositerotation of the turbine rotor, and one ot said diaphragnis having corresponding radially outwardly disposed auxiliary guide canals adapted to conduct the elastic fluid to the auxiliary rotating canals and a casing housing the rotating wheels and carrying the stationary dia-` phragme oi the turbine, said casing including at an intermediate stage thereof a radially disposed passage through which the steam for the auxiliary circuit including the guide canals and rotating canals passes.

` 2. In an elastictluid multi-stage turbine oit the disc Wheel type, the combination of single rotating Wheels haifing rotating canals, and diaphragme having stationary guide nozzles ii'or the reception of elastic fluid lor one direction o'l rotation, one of said disc wheels haring radially outwardly disposed auxiliary rotating canals for reverse rotation and one ol' said diaphragme having auxiliary guide canals adapted to conduct elastic fluid through said stationary and rotating auxiliary canals for opposing the -forward movement of the turbine and forming, with the canals in a separate diaphragm, tivo steam circuits provided with separate exhaust chambers `and a `casing housing both the rotating Wheels and carryisc ling the diaphragme and havingV a radially disposed passage through which the steam for the auxiliary rotating canals passes.

3. In an elastic iiuid multi-stage turbine of the disc wheel type, the combination of single rotating wheels having rotating canals and diaphragms having stationary guide nozzles for the reception of elastic fluid for one direction of rotation, one of said disc wheels having radially outwardly disposed auxiliary rotating canals for reverse rotation and one of said diaphragms having auxiliary guide canals adapted to conduct elastic fluid through said stationary and rotating auxiliary canals for opposing the forward movement oi the turbine, the steam circuits including the passages that direct the elastic fiuid for direct and reverse rotation being provided with separate admissions and separate exhaust chambers and separate independent outlet or discharge passages leading trom said exhaust chamber and a cylindrical housing for said rotating wheels including a radially disposed passage.

4. In a multistage elastic fluid turbine or the disc wheel type, stationary diaphragms having guide nozzles, rotor disc wheels having rotating canals for normal operation in one direction, said diaphragms having radially outwardly disposed auxiliary stationary guide nozzles for said rotating canals,

said rotor wheels also having rotating canals in a number of stages for eiecting a retarding dragging ei'ect upon the rotor, and elastic Huid guiding means having a separate admission and a separate exhaust including a separate independent discharge or outlet passage for the steam retarding oircuit and a cylindrical housing for said turbine having a radially disposed passage for the steam retarding circuit. y

5. In a turbine of the elastic iiuid type having rotating wheels and diaphragms therebetween, the combination of a diaphragm having two sets of separate stationary canals, one set of said stationary canals being auxiliary to and outwardlyradially disposed with reference to the canals for normal operation in the diaphragm and said auxiliary canals being directly connected with an auxiliary iiuid passage including a radially disposed passage through the turbine casing, a rotor wheel in the same stage ot the turbine and provided with two sets of rotating canals for forward and reverse rotation, and means includinga casing portion having separate fluid admission passages to direct driving vfluid to said sets of rotating canals respectively.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

FRANZ LSEL.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,618,596. Granted February 22, '1927, to frnANz Lsnt..

lt is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification ofthe above'numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2. line 95, chin! i, after 4the word "disc" insert the word "wheels"; and .that the said Letters Potent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 22nd day of March, A. D. 1927.

, v I. Moore, gnb Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

